Mu mwaka w’1982, ubutegetsi bw’umunyagitugu Milton Obote wayoboraga Uganda, bwafashe icyemezo kigayitse cyo kumenesha ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu Abanyarwanda bari barahungiyeyo, bahatirwa gusubira mu gihugu cyabo.
Ni icyemezo cyagize ingaruka mbi, kuko uretse ihohoterwa rya hato na hato bakorerwaga, byatumye abanyarwanda bagera ku bihumbi 45000 bagirwaho ingaruka n’uwo mugambi mubisha.
Ikibabaje kurushaho, ni izo mpunzi z’abanyarwanda zatotezwaga, zikirukanwa muri Uganda, ni nako u Rwanda nk’igihugu cyabo kitari cyiteguye kubakira ngo kibahe umudendezo nk’abana bacyo.
Urwango n’ivangura ku Banyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi bikozwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana ndetse n’abamubanjirije, umuntu atatinya kugereranya n’ubwa apparteid bwatotezaga abirabura muri Afurika y’epfo, byari byarimitswe mu gihugu ku buryo kwitwa Umututsi byari byarahindutse icyaha.
Iyi politiki y’urwango n’ivangura, byaje guhinduka ikosa rikomeye, kuko ariyo yabaye imbarutso y’iherezo ry’ubutegetsi bubisha bw’aba banyagitugu Obote na Habyarimana.
Nyuma yo kurambirwa ihohoterwa n’ivangura bakorerwaga n’umunyagitugu Obote, ingaruka zo kwitwa impunzi kandi nta n’icyizere cyo kongera kugira uburenganzira ku gihugu cy’abasekuruza babo, mu 1984, impunzi zo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi zafashe icyemezo cyo kwiyunga ku mutwe w’inyeshyamba wa NRA wari ugamije impinduka mu butegetsi bwa Uganda.
Ku ijanisha rya 20% y’ingabo z’indobanure za NRA zagize uruhare runini mu kwirukana ku butegetsi Obote mu 1986, zari impunzi z’Abanyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bari barahungiye muri muri Uganda.
Nyuma yo gufata ubutegetsi kwa NRA, impunzi z’Abanyarwanda ntizacitse intege ngo zemere guhezwa ishyanga no kwimwa uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo bari barameneshejwemo.
Bateye intambwe idasubira inyuma maze mu 1987 bashinga umuryango RPF ugamije kubafasha gusubizwa uburenganzira bw’igihugu ku mpunzi z’abanyarwanda aho zari ziherereye hose ku Isi.
Intego y’ibanze ya RPF yari isobanutse neza: Gucyura impunzi z’abanyarwanda zari zarameneshejwe n’ubutegetsi no kwishyira ukizana kwa buri munyarwanda.
Ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, nibwo RPF yatangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda; mu minsi ya mbere y’urugamba, byasaga nk’aho rutazabagora cyane kuko umwanzi, ingabo za Habyarimana, bari bahanganye yagaragaje intege nke cyane.
Gusa, siko byakomeje kumera kuko mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya, RPF yaje gusanga ihanganye n’ingabo z’Ababirigi n’Abafaransa baje kwiyunga ku mwanzi.
Izi mbaraga ziyongereye ku mwanzi, zatumye imigendekere y’urugamba ihinduka kuko byasabaga RPA yongera kwisuganya ngo irebe ko ikomeza guhangana n’umwanzi.
Byongeye kandi, ingabo zoherejwe n’umunyagitugu wa Zairia Mobutu Sese Seko zagize uruhare mu guharanira ko ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bukomeza bugasugira mu ivangura n’ingengabitekerezo yabwo.
Iyi Guverinoma, yifuzaga kubangamira no kuburizamo inkunga iyo ari yo yose yahabwa RPF, dore ko RPF yari yaratangiye ubukangurambaga bugamije kwereka Abanyarwanda ko bagomba kwitandukanya na Leta yamunzwe n’ivangura n’ikandamizwa ku baturage bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi.
Nk’aho bidahagije, leta y’ivangura ya Habyarimana n’abambari be, yiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi mubisha wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi aho bari bamaze igihe bayitegura.
Ibi byatumye RPF ibona ko nta kindi cyemezo igomba gufata,bityo yiyemezea gukora ibishoboka byose ngo itabare inzirakarengane z’abatutsi n’undi wese wabaga yitandukanyije na politiki y’urwango zicwaga ijoro n’amanywa.
Bishingiye ku bunyamwuga bw’ingabo za RPA, urukundo rw’igihugu n’abagituye,byatumye RPF igera ku ntsinzi aho yabashije gutabara inzirakarengane zicwaga. Ubutegetsi bw’abicanyi bwaratsinzwe maze Jenoside yakorerwaga abatutsi irahagarikwa.
Muri Nyakanga 1994, nibwo leta y’abicanyi yatsinzwe burundu, bituma ihagarikwa ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. Iyi ntsinzi idasanzwe ishimangira uburyo u Rwanda rwahuye n’amateka asharira ariko kandi n’ubuyobozi bwiza buharanira ineza ya buri munyarwanda no kuganisha igihugu mu cyerekezo gikwiye.
Ku buyobozi bwiza buriho mu Rwanda burangajwe imbere na Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame, RPF-Inkotanyi yashyize imbere politiki igamije gushakisha ibisubizo ibibazo byose igihugu cyashowemo n’ayo mateka.
Mu bishyizemo imbaraga kuruta ibindi harimo kwimakaza politiki y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, kubaka umuryango nyarwanda uha agaciro ubumwe n’ubutabera byose bishingiye mu kwiyemeza ndetse n’amahitano by’abanyarwanda bose nta vangura.
Ellen Kampire