Iya 1 Ukwakira 1990: Intangiriro y’irimbuka ry’ingoma z’igitugu, ari nawo muzuko w’u Rwanda

Mu gitondo cy’umunsi nk’uyu tariki 1 Ukwakira 1990, isasu rya mbere ryavugiye i Kagitumba muri Nyagatare, riba imbarutso y’inzira yo gutaha ku bihumbi by’Abanyarwanda bari bamaze imyaka isaga 30 barameneshejwe iwabo ndetse banahezwa ishyanga.

Ni umunsi wahinduye amateka y’u Rwanda, biba ihurizo rikomeye kuri Leta y’umunyagitugu Gen Maj. Habyarimana Juvenal “Kinani” wari umaze igihe yarinangiye, avuga ko “u Rwanda ni nk’ikirahure cyuzuye amazi hashyizemo andi yameneka”.

Ahi yashakaga kumvikanisha ko Abanyarwanda bari barameneshejwe kuva mu mwaka wa 1959 batabona aho batura mu Rwanda kabone n’ubwo bo bashakaga kuva mu buhungiro bakagaruka mu rwababyaye. 

Habyarimana ariko yatangaga izo ngero z’amafuti kubera ko yari azi umugambi mubisha yategurga wo kurimbura Abatutsi akabona rero yemereye impunzi gutahuka umugambi we wapfuba kuko u Rwanda ntirwigeze ruba ruto ngo runanirwe kwakira abaturage barwo.

Kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1973, uyu munyagitugu yahiritse ku butegetsi Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire wari waramubyaye muri batisimu aho by’umwihariko yamufataga nk’umuhungu we ndetse agendeye ku cyenewabo cyari cyarabokamye yari yaramugize Minisitiri w’Ingabo.

Habyarimana akigera ku butegetsi yabanje kwiyambika umwambaro w’intama mu gihe nyamara yari ikirura, ibyo yabikoze kugira ngo abari abayoboke ba Kayibanda abigarurire, aho mu mbwirwaruhame ze zose zagarukaga ku “guteza imbere u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda.”

Ibi ariko ntibyatinze kugaragara ko ari ibinyoma byambaye ubusa kuko nyuma y’igihe gito ku butegetsi yashyizeho politiki yishyaka rimwe rya MRND, ubutegetsi bwe burangwa no gusumbanisha no kuvangura abaturage hagendewe ku moko cyangwa aho bavuka.

Amaze gushinga iryo shyaka Habyarimana yagiye akoresha ikinamico y’amatora, aho yiyamamazaga wenyine ntawe bahanganye – amatora ya mbere yiyamamajemo wenyine ni ayo ku itariki 24 Ukuboza 1978 aho byatangajwe ko yatowe ku majwi 98.99%!

Ayakurikiyeho yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1983 nabwo bitangazwa ko yatsinze ku majwi 99.97%, naho andi yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1988 byatangajwe ko yayatsinze ku majwi 99.98%.

Uko gukomeza kugundira ubutegetsi byamuhaye umwanya wo gukomeza gutegura umugambi mubisha abambari be batatinye kwita “imperuka ku Batutsi” sibo yibasiye gusa ariko kuko umuhutu udakomoka Ruhengeri na Gisenyi nawe atabonaga umurimo uwo ariwo wose.

Abanyarwanda bari barameneshejwe muri 1959 ntibahwemye gusaba gutaha mu gihugu cyabo ariko umunyagitugu Habyarimana ibyo ntiyabikozwaga usibye kubabwira ko u Rwanda rwuzuye.

N’ibiganiro by’amahoro byakorwaga byose imyanzuro yabyo nta n’umwe yubahirizaga, ahubwo yabivagamo akaza agafunga ndetse akica Abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu abita “ibyitso by’Inkotanyi”.

Umunyagitugu Habyarimana yamaze igihe akura amasomo yo kwanga Abatutsi ku wari yaramubyaye muri batisimu Kayibanda nawe wigeze kuvuga mu imbwirwaruhame yo kuwa 11 Werurwe 1964 ko “…nubwo bidashoboka, twemere ko mugarutse mugafata Kigali. Ese mujya mumenya uburemere bw’uburyo ari mwe mwaba inzirakarengane za mbere? [Aha yabwiraga Abatutsi bari barameneshejwe”

Kayibanda yavuze kandi ko: “Simbitindaho namwe murabizi keretse niba mwigiza nkana. Namwe ubwanyu murabyivugira ko bizaba iherezo rusange ry’inyoko-Tutsi.” Aha hari nyuma y’igitero Inyenzi zari zagabye muri Bugesera.

Uru ruhererekane rw’itotezwa ry’Abatutsi no kwica bya hato na hato nibyo byatumye Abanyarwanda bari bamaze imyaka mu buhungingiro mu bihugu bitandukanye bisuganya; ibintu byatangiye ari uguhura no gutarama ariko biza kubyara ikintu kinini cyavuyemo ishyaka rya politike rya LANU yaje kuvamo FPR-Inkotanyi yari inafite umutwe w’ingabo urishamikiyeho.

Nyuma yo kumara igihe basaba ko habaho ibiganiro by’amahoro ndetse abameneshejwe bakemererwa kugaruka mu gihugu ariko bikaba iby’ubusa kuko umunyagitugu Habyarimana yari yarabyanze burundu ahubwo agakomeza gutoteza Abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu nibwo hafashwe umwanzuro wo gutangira urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu.

Taliki ya Mbere Ukwakira 1990 hatangijwe urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ku mugaragaro ibintu bitari byoroshye ku ngabo za RPA-Inkotanyi cyane ko abenshi muri bo ari ubwa mbere bari bakandagiye mu Rwanda.

Ku ruhande rw’abari mu gihugu cyane cyane Abatutsi byari ibyishimo ariko na none bituzuye kuko bakomeje kwicwa urusorongo bashinjwa ko ‘abana babo’ bateye igihugu.

Imyaka ine uru rugamba rwamaze hari bamwe yabereye igihumbi bitewe n’uburyo itotezwa mu gihugu ryakajije umurego ndetse n’abana b’Inkotanyi bari ku rugamba nabo batari bafite iby’ibanze byose.

Ariko bitewe n’umutima ukunze igihugu, gushaka kugarura ubumwe mu Banyarwanda no kubaka igihugu cy’Abanyarwanda bose. Inkotanyi zarenze imbogamizi ndetse n’ibyo babonaga ko bidashoboka urugamba bararukomeza.

Urugamba rwamaze imyaka ine rwasojwe n’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yateguwe ndetse ishyirwa mu bikorwa na guverinoma y’umunyagitugu Habyarimana.

Nyuma y’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside u Rwanda ntawatinya kuvuga ko rwari rwapfuye byari bikomeye kubaka igihugu, guhuza Abanyarwana ndetse no kubaka isanamitima mu Banyarwanda bari bamaze kubona Isi ibikaragiraho ndetse abenshi basigaye nta cyo basigaranye byatumaga ikizere cyo kubaho cyangwa kurenga amateka mabi kiri hafi ya nta cyo.

FPR-Inkotanyi yakoze iberenze ibyo Abanyarwana n’abanyamahanga batekerezaga kuko yagaruye ubumwe mu Banyarwanda, yubatse igihugu cyari cyasenyutse mu ngeri zose ikirenze kuri ibyo ituma Umunyarwanda yongera kugira ikizere cyo kubaho ndetse no gutwaza.

Ibi bishimangira neza ko Inkotanyi zitari zikiri ishyaka rya politiki gusa ahubwo nk’uko ryitwa ni Umuryango w’Abanayrwanda ndetse gukotana byagiye mu Banyarwanda birenga imvugo gusa bijya mu bikorwa.

Abavutse nyuma ya Jenoside bagize amahirwe akomeye yo kubyiruka uburenganzira bwabo bw’ibanze bwubahirizwa burimo nko kwiga, kubona akazi, umutekano usesuye n’ibindi byinshi bituma bahitamo kuba inkotanyi mu rugendo rwo kubaka no guteza imbere igihugu.

N’ubwo u Rwanda rwapfuye rukazuka, udutsiko tw’abajenosideri ndetse n’ibigarasha b’indashima bafashe umurongo utannye ndetse barahirira ko aho gufatanya n’abandi mu uguteza imbere igihugu ahubwo bakwiye kukirwanya.

Aba birirwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga basenya akabaye kose mu Rwanda bakanabirenzaho gutuka abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu tutibagiwe ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside ryabokamye.

Icyo bakwiye kumenya nuko Inkotanyi zitakiri Umuryango wa politiki uyoboye u Rwanda ahubwo zisigaye ari uburyo bwo kubaho kandi Abanayarwanda bahisemo kubaho muri ubwo buryo bwo gukotana.

Imyaka 29 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritse ubu igihugu gifite Inkotanyi nyinshi zirimo abavutse nyuma ya Jenoside ndetse n’abari bahari bemeye gukotanira igihugu cyabo. Ibi bishimangira neza ko u Rwanda rutazongera gupfa kuko umwuka wo gukotana abenegihugu bafite utuma bariyemeje kurwanya ikibi cyose cyadusubiza mu icuraburindi.

Harakabaho Inkotanyi zemeye kwitanga ngo zibohore u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda, ubu tukaba dutengamaye mu gihugu cyuzuzye umutekano, ibipinga byo ntacyo biteze guhindura ku murongo Abanyarwand bahisemo.

Muvunyi Blaise

Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko ni ibitekerezo by’umwanditsi. Muvunyi Blaise ni umusore wavutse nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi unezezwa n’umwanya urubyiruko rwahawe ngo rufatanye n’abandi mu rugamba rwo guteza imbere u Rwanda rwacu.

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